Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	24
Number of observations	300
Missing cells	2400
Missing cells (%)	33.3%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	58.6 KiB
Average record size in memory	200.0 B

Variable types

NUM	17
UNSUPPORTED	6
CAT	1

Warnings

`hw1_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw2_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw3_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw4_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw5_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw6_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw7_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw8_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw9_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw10_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`exam1_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`exam2_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`exam3_score` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`hw_avg` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`exam_avg` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`final_grade` has 150 (50.0%) missing values	Missing
`First Name` is an unsupported type, check if it needs cleaning or further analysis	Unsupported
`Last Name` is an unsupported type, check if it needs cleaning or further analysis	Unsupported
`SID` is an unsupported type, check if it needs cleaning or further analysis	Unsupported
`Name` is an unsupported type, check if it needs cleaning or further analysis	Unsupported
`NetID` is an unsupported type, check if it needs cleaning or further analysis	Unsupported
`Email Address` is an unsupported type, check if it needs cleaning or further analysis	Unsupported
`ID` has 150 (50.0%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-08-03 15:30:10.025373
Analysis finished	2021-08-03 15:30:52.025549
Duration	42 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

First Name
Unsupported

REJECTED
UNSUPPORTED

Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.7 KiB

Last Name
Unsupported

REJECTED
UNSUPPORTED

Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.7 KiB

SID
Unsupported

REJECTED
UNSUPPORTED

Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.7 KiB

ID
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	151
Distinct (%)	50.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2721130.983
Minimum	0
Maximum	9975979
Zeros	150
Zeros (%)	50.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	530737.5
Q3	5638953.5
95-th percentile	9060981.5
Maximum	9975979
Range	9975979
Interquartile range (IQR)	5638953.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3313224.973
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.217591139
Kurtosis	-0.9023457868
Mean	2721130.983
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	530737.5
Skewness	0.7926558303
Sum	816339295
Variance	1.097745972e+13
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	150	50.0%
9103057	1	0.3%
7566895	1	0.3%
2546149	1	0.3%
3792268	1	0.3%
6427493	1	0.3%
7485180	1	0.3%
6253243	1	0.3%
2858583	1	0.3%
3830106	1	0.3%
Other values (141)	141	47.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	150	50.0%
1061475	1	0.3%
1067615	1	0.3%
1142484	1	0.3%
1234567	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9975979	1	0.3%
9804556	1	0.3%
9756042	1	0.3%
9707878	1	0.3%
9650939	1	0.3%

Name
Unsupported

REJECTED
UNSUPPORTED

Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.7 KiB

NetID
Unsupported

REJECTED
UNSUPPORTED

Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.7 KiB

Email Address
Unsupported

REJECTED
UNSUPPORTED

Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.7 KiB

Section
Categorical

Distinct	4
Distinct (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

0	150
1	56
2	51
3	43

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	150	50.0%
1	56	18.7%
2	51	17.0%
3	43	14.3%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

hw1_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	34
Distinct (%)	22.7%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	77.525
Minimum	0
Maximum	100
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	61.25
Q1	66.25
median	77.5
Q3	88.4375
95-th percentile	98.1875
Maximum	100
Range	100
Interquartile range (IQR)	22.1875

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	13.72555026
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1770467624
Kurtosis	5.21414097
Mean	77.525
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	11.25
Skewness	-1.037835975
Sum	11628.75
Variance	188.3907299
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=34)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
61.25	9	3.0%
62.5	9	3.0%
92.5	7	2.3%
66.25	6	2.0%
63.75	6	2.0%
78.75	6	2.0%
93.75	5	1.7%
60	5	1.7%
80	5	1.7%
100	5	1.7%
Other values (24)	87	29.0%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.3%
60	5	1.7%
61.25	9	3.0%
62.5	9	3.0%
63.75	6	2.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	5	1.7%
98.75	3	1.0%
97.5	2	0.7%
96.25	4	1.3%
95	1	0.3%

hw2_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	33
Distinct (%)	22.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	80.65833333
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.25
Q1	69.0625
median	81.25
Q3	92.5
95-th percentile	98.1875
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	23.4375

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.50058444
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1549819333
Kurtosis	-1.318213981
Mean	80.65833333
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	11.25
Skewness	-0.09387705239
Sum	12098.75
Variance	156.2646113
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=33)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
92.5	10	3.3%
75	8	2.7%
96.25	7	2.3%
82.5	7	2.3%
66.25	7	2.3%
76.25	7	2.3%
65	7	2.3%
97.5	7	2.3%
60	6	2.0%
100	6	2.0%
Other values (23)	78	26.0%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	6	2.0%
61.25	4	1.3%
62.5	4	1.3%
63.75	4	1.3%
65	7	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	6	2.0%
98.75	2	0.7%
97.5	7	2.3%
96.25	7	2.3%
95	5	1.7%

hw3_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	33
Distinct (%)	22.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	78.96666667
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.25
Q1	68.75
median	77.5
Q3	90
95-th percentile	96.25
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	21.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.65764672
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1476274384
Kurtosis	-1.174317935
Mean	78.96666667
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	8.75
Skewness	0.1420901009
Sum	11845
Variance	135.9007271
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=33)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
68.75	10	3.3%
66.25	9	3.0%
96.25	9	3.0%
81.25	8	2.7%
75	8	2.7%
73.75	7	2.3%
78.75	6	2.0%
71.25	6	2.0%
95	6	2.0%
60	6	2.0%
Other values (23)	75	25.0%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	6	2.0%
61.25	4	1.3%
62.5	5	1.7%
63.75	2	0.7%
65	2	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	2	0.7%
98.75	2	0.7%
97.5	3	1.0%
96.25	9	3.0%
95	6	2.0%

hw4_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	41
Distinct (%)	27.3%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	78.68666667
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	62
Q1	69
median	78
Q3	87
95-th percentile	96
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	18

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	10.97106424
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1394272334
Kurtosis	-1.083438889
Mean	78.68666667
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9
Skewness	0.1563442454
Sum	11803
Variance	120.3642506
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=41)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
68	8	2.7%
65	7	2.3%
87	7	2.3%
95	6	2.0%
75	6	2.0%
81	6	2.0%
84	5	1.7%
80	5	1.7%
73	5	1.7%
71	5	1.7%
Other values (31)	90	30.0%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	1	0.3%
61	4	1.3%
62	4	1.3%
63	3	1.0%
64	2	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	2	0.7%
99	1	0.3%
98	3	1.0%
97	1	0.3%
96	4	1.3%

hw5_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	29
Distinct (%)	19.3%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	79.07619048
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.42857143
Q1	67.5
median	78.57142857
Q3	90
95-th percentile	97.92857143
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	22.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.08237338
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.152794075
Kurtosis	-1.246880548
Mean	79.07619048
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	11.42857143
Skewness	0.07580898186
Sum	11861.42857
Variance	145.9837465
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=29)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
65.71428571	11	3.7%
85.71428571	7	2.3%
77.14285714	7	2.3%
80	7	2.3%
70	7	2.3%
97.14285714	7	2.3%
60	7	2.3%
87.14285714	6	2.0%
81.42857143	6	2.0%
91.42857143	6	2.0%
Other values (19)	79	26.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	7	2.3%
61.42857143	5	1.7%
62.85714286	5	1.7%
64.28571429	4	1.3%
65.71428571	11	3.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	2	0.7%
98.57142857	6	2.0%
97.14285714	7	2.3%
95.71428571	4	1.3%
94.28571429	5	1.7%

hw6_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	36
Distinct (%)	24.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	82.28888889
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	62.22222222
Q1	73.33333333
median	82.77777778
Q3	93.33333333
95-th percentile	98.88888889
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.68129121
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1419546596
Kurtosis	-1.162971686
Mean	82.28888889
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10.55555556
Skewness	-0.1903172996
Sum	12343.33333
Variance	136.4525644
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=36)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
96.66666667	10	3.3%
95.55555556	8	2.7%
87.77777778	7	2.3%
92.22222222	7	2.3%
78.88888889	6	2.0%
72.22222222	6	2.0%
82.22222222	6	2.0%
94.44444444	6	2.0%
98.88888889	6	2.0%
73.33333333	6	2.0%
Other values (26)	82	27.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	2	0.7%
61.11111111	5	1.7%
62.22222222	2	0.7%
64.44444444	4	1.3%
65.55555556	4	1.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	4	1.3%
98.88888889	6	2.0%
97.77777778	2	0.7%
96.66666667	10	3.3%
95.55555556	8	2.7%

hw7_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	21
Distinct (%)	14.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	78.65333333
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	60
Q1	68
median	78
Q3	88
95-th percentile	98
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.09469719
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1537722139
Kurtosis	-1.130799071
Mean	78.65333333
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10
Skewness	0.1737097993
Sum	11798
Variance	146.2817002
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=21)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
88	12	4.0%
76	11	3.7%
66	11	3.7%
64	10	3.3%
60	10	3.3%
68	9	3.0%
82	9	3.0%
80	8	2.7%
98	8	2.7%
72	8	2.7%
Other values (11)	54	18.0%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	10	3.3%
62	3	1.0%
64	10	3.3%
66	11	3.7%
68	9	3.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	7	2.3%
98	8	2.7%
96	5	1.7%
94	4	1.3%
92	4	1.3%

hw8_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	29
Distinct (%)	19.3%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	78.57142857
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.42857143
Q1	68.57142857
median	78.57142857
Q3	88.57142857
95-th percentile	98.57142857
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.86487405
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1510074879
Kurtosis	-1.18889015
Mean	78.57142857
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10
Skewness	0.0402494042
Sum	11785.71429
Variance	140.7752363
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=29)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
61.42857143	12	4.0%
78.57142857	10	3.3%
64.28571429	9	3.0%
72.85714286	9	3.0%
91.42857143	9	3.0%
98.57142857	8	2.7%
82.85714286	7	2.3%
74.28571429	7	2.3%
81.42857143	7	2.3%
92.85714286	6	2.0%
Other values (19)	66	22.0%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	5	1.7%
61.42857143	12	4.0%
62.85714286	4	1.3%
64.28571429	9	3.0%
65.71428571	4	1.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	1	0.3%
98.57142857	8	2.7%
97.14285714	1	0.3%
95.71428571	3	1.0%
94.28571429	5	1.7%

hw9_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	25
Distinct (%)	16.7%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	79.63333333
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.66666667
Q1	71.66666667
median	78.33333333
Q3	89.58333333
95-th percentile	97.58333333
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	17.91666667

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.01972674
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1383808297
Kurtosis	-1.021878752
Mean	79.63333333
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	8.333333333
Skewness	0.05567117702
Sum	11945
Variance	121.4343773
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=25)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
91.66666667	12	4.0%
75	11	3.7%
73.33333333	9	3.0%
80	9	3.0%
85	9	3.0%
66.66666667	8	2.7%
71.66666667	7	2.3%
78.33333333	7	2.3%
76.66666667	7	2.3%
83.33333333	6	2.0%
Other values (15)	65	21.7%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	4	1.3%
61.66666667	5	1.7%
63.33333333	5	1.7%
65	4	1.3%
66.66666667	8	2.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	3	1.0%
98.33333333	5	1.7%
96.66666667	5	1.7%
95	5	1.7%
93.33333333	2	0.7%

hw10_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	25
Distinct (%)	16.7%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	80.02222222
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.66666667
Q1	70
median	81.66666667
Q3	89.58333333
95-th percentile	98.33333333
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	19.58333333

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.49033681
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1435893242
Kurtosis	-1.146681258
Mean	80.02222222
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10
Skewness	-0.03000150397
Sum	12003.33333
Variance	132.0278399
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=25)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
85	12	4.0%
70	11	3.7%
83.33333333	9	3.0%
68.33333333	8	2.7%
91.66666667	8	2.7%
81.66666667	7	2.3%
76.66666667	7	2.3%
98.33333333	6	2.0%
66.66666667	6	2.0%
65	6	2.0%
Other values (15)	70	23.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	5	1.7%
61.66666667	4	1.3%
63.33333333	5	1.7%
65	6	2.0%
66.66666667	6	2.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	4	1.3%
98.33333333	6	2.0%
96.66666667	4	1.3%
95	6	2.0%
93.33333333	6	2.0%

exam1_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	39
Distinct (%)	26.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	78.24666667
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	61.45
Q1	68
median	77.5
Q3	88
95-th percentile	97.55
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.90619751
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1521623606
Kurtosis	-1.22800308
Mean	78.24666667
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10.5
Skewness	0.1786922164
Sum	11737
Variance	141.7575391
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=39)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
68	8	2.7%
88	7	2.3%
64	7	2.3%
72	6	2.0%
74	6	2.0%
70	5	1.7%
73	5	1.7%
92	5	1.7%
91	5	1.7%
66	5	1.7%
Other values (29)	91	30.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	5	1.7%
61	3	1.0%
62	4	1.3%
63	5	1.7%
64	7	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	4	1.3%
99	3	1.0%
98	1	0.3%
97	3	1.0%
96	5	1.7%

exam2_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	39
Distinct (%)	26.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	80.59333333
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	62
Q1	70
median	80
Q3	92
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	22

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.28907774
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1524825595
Kurtosis	-1.369375919
Mean	80.59333333
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	11
Skewness	0.02159388261
Sum	12089
Variance	151.0214318
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=39)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
68	9	3.0%
91	7	2.3%
73	7	2.3%
96	6	2.0%
74	6	2.0%
95	6	2.0%
72	6	2.0%
97	5	1.7%
62	5	1.7%
100	5	1.7%
Other values (29)	88	29.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	2	0.7%
61	3	1.0%
62	5	1.7%
63	4	1.3%
64	3	1.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	5	1.7%
99	4	1.3%
98	3	1.0%
97	5	1.7%
96	6	2.0%

exam3_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	40
Distinct (%)	26.7%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	81.48666667
Minimum	60
Maximum	100
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	60
5-th percentile	62
Q1	68.25
median	84
Q3	92.75
95-th percentile	98.55
Maximum	100
Range	40
Interquartile range (IQR)	24.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.48286701
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1531890739
Kurtosis	-1.299078497
Mean	81.48666667
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10
Skewness	-0.2708448296
Sum	12223
Variance	155.8219687
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=40)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
90	8	2.7%
86	8	2.7%
62	7	2.3%
95	7	2.3%
99	6	2.0%
97	6	2.0%
93	5	1.7%
66	5	1.7%
87	5	1.7%
68	5	1.7%
Other values (30)	88	29.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60	4	1.3%
61	2	0.7%
62	7	2.3%
63	2	0.7%
64	5	1.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	2	0.7%
99	6	2.0%
98	3	1.0%
97	6	2.0%
96	5	1.7%

hw_avg
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	150
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	79.40820635
Minimum	69.97619048
Maximum	89.27777778
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	69.97619048
5-th percentile	72.56079365
Q1	76.5109127
median	79.72003968
Q3	82.33988095
95-th percentile	85.39005952
Maximum	89.27777778
Range	19.3015873
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.828968254

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.046239372
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.05095492718
Kurtosis	-0.5198754652
Mean	79.40820635
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.07281746
Skewness	-0.114790668
Sum	11911.23095
Variance	16.37205305
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
80.225	1	0.3%
80.19484127	1	0.3%
76.40436508	1	0.3%
79.68571429	1	0.3%
82.49404762	1	0.3%
83.04246032	1	0.3%
76.57103175	1	0.3%
75.15119048	1	0.3%
80.44603175	1	0.3%
83.09880952	1	0.3%
Other values (140)	140	46.7%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
69.97619048	1	0.3%
70.56031746	1	0.3%
70.88373016	1	0.3%
70.89761905	1	0.3%
71.77698413	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
89.27777778	1	0.3%
88.05277778	1	0.3%
87.89920635	1	0.3%
87.2781746	1	0.3%
85.96666667	1	0.3%

exam_avg
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	65
Distinct (%)	43.3%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	80.10888889
Minimum	63
Maximum	97.66666667
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	63
5-th percentile	69.33333333
Q1	76.08333333
median	79.66666667
Q3	84.66666667
95-th percentile	90.85
Maximum	97.66666667
Range	34.66666667
Interquartile range (IQR)	8.583333333

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.52540457
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.08145668552
Kurtosis	-0.1966339247
Mean	80.10888889
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.333333333
Skewness	0.01570453464
Sum	12016.33333
Variance	42.5809048
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
81.33333333	6	2.0%
79	6	2.0%
87.33333333	5	1.7%
78.33333333	5	1.7%
78.66666667	5	1.7%
88.33333333	5	1.7%
77.66666667	5	1.7%
77.33333333	5	1.7%
85.33333333	4	1.3%
73.33333333	4	1.3%
Other values (55)	100	33.3%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
63	1	0.3%
65.66666667	1	0.3%
66.33333333	1	0.3%
67.33333333	1	0.3%
68	2	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
97.66666667	1	0.3%
94	1	0.3%
93.66666667	1	0.3%
93.33333333	1	0.3%
92	1	0.3%

final_grade
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	150
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	150
Missing (%)	50.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	79.68847937
Minimum	71.71904762
Maximum	90.20619048
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	71.71904762
5-th percentile	73.62665476
Q1	76.82279762
median	79.92869048
Q3	82.15833333
95-th percentile	85.28511905
Maximum	90.20619048
Range	18.48714286
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.335535714

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.676015821
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.04612982768
Kurtosis	-0.1937613378
Mean	79.68847937
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.804642857
Skewness	0.08361631475
Sum	11953.2719
Variance	13.51309232
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
81.31095238	1	0.3%
77.02547619	1	0.3%
85.49833333	1	0.3%
83.7802381	1	0.3%
78.55571429	1	0.3%
83.98928571	1	0.3%
78.15666667	1	0.3%
80.60071429	1	0.3%
80.92404762	1	0.3%
75.77666667	1	0.3%
Other values (140)	140	46.7%
(Missing)	150	50.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
71.71904762	1	0.3%
72.1302381	1	0.3%
72.24261905	1	0.3%
72.29071429	1	0.3%
72.31214286	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
90.20619048	1	0.3%
88.56309524	1	0.3%
88.38	1	0.3%
86.68261905	1	0.3%
86.59	1	0.3%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

First rows

	First Name	Last Name	SID	hw1_score	hw2_score	hw3_score	hw4_score	hw5_score	hw6_score	hw7_score	hw8_score	hw9_score	hw10_score	exam1_score	exam2_score	exam3_score	hw_avg	exam_avg	final_grade
0	Aaron	Lester	axl60952	85.00	92.50	96.25	89.0	72.857143	96.666667	66.0	68.571429	70.000000	68.333333	79.0	63.0	68.0	80.517857	70.000000	76.310714
1	Adam	Cooper	amc28428	100.00	97.50	97.50	87.0	92.857143	61.111111	88.0	62.857143	75.000000	88.333333	65.0	63.0	90.0	85.015873	72.666667	80.076190
2	Alec	Curry	axc64717	86.25	95.00	82.50	87.0	84.285714	92.222222	86.0	92.857143	96.666667	70.000000	65.0	78.0	83.0	87.278175	75.333333	82.500238
3	Alexander	Rodriguez	akr14831	62.50	67.50	92.50	75.0	77.142857	65.555556	76.0	61.428571	63.333333	78.333333	97.0	97.0	81.0	71.929365	91.666667	79.824286
4	Amber	Daniels	axd11293	67.50	71.25	96.25	95.0	67.142857	96.666667	88.0	82.857143	76.666667	98.333333	68.0	95.0	88.0	83.966667	83.666667	83.846667
5	Amy	Adams	ara97741	61.25	66.25	68.75	78.0	65.714286	65.555556	98.0	82.857143	65.000000	90.000000	87.0	74.0	76.0	74.137698	79.000000	76.082619
6	Amy	White	alw07647	88.75	75.00	90.00	95.0	91.428571	96.666667	80.0	61.428571	78.333333	68.333333	99.0	95.0	99.0	82.494048	97.666667	88.563095
7	Amy	Dunn	axd67070	90.00	76.25	62.50	90.0	67.142857	80.000000	86.0	70.000000	80.000000	83.333333	93.0	96.0	86.0	78.522619	91.666667	83.780238
8	Amy	Terry	ajt73762	88.75	67.50	95.00	93.0	61.428571	98.888889	60.0	82.857143	90.000000	81.666667	60.0	81.0	79.0	81.909127	73.333333	78.478810
9	Andrea	Smith	aes07091	100.00	88.75	76.25	73.0	87.142857	87.777778	94.0	88.571429	71.666667	68.333333	66.0	97.0	86.0	83.549206	83.000000	83.329524

Last rows

	ID	Name	NetID	Email Address	Section	hw1_score	hw2_score	hw3_score	hw4_score	hw5_score	hw6_score	hw7_score	hw8_score	hw9_score	hw10_score	exam1_score	exam2_score	exam3_score	hw_avg	exam_avg	final_grade
290	8786799.0	Nguyen, Donna	DXN21936	DONNA.NGUYEN@UNIV.EDU	1.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
291	6936009.0	Stevens, Marcia	MXS29840	MARCIA.STEVENS@UNIV.EDU	2.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
292	2685279.0	Allen, Christina	CXA22039	CHRISTINA.ALLEN@UNIV.EDU	1.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
293	3795891.0	Mann, Nicole	NXM87406	NICOLE.MANN@UNIV.EDU	1.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
294	9756042.0	Johnson, Tara	TXJ17476	TARA.JOHNSON@UNIV.EDU	2.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
295	5227994.0	Johnson, Paul Mark	PMJ37756	PAUL.JOHNSON@UNIV.EDU	3.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
296	9804556.0	Lee, Danielle Stephanie	DSL24347	DANIELLE.LEE@UNIV.EDU	3.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
297	1783442.0	Edwards, Nicole	NXE44872	NICOLE.EDWARDS@UNIV.EDU	3.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
298	6345758.0	Reyes, Bailey	BXR62103	BAILEY.REYES@UNIV.EDU	2.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
299	5566719.0	Walls, Joyce	JXW53347	JOYCE.WALLS@UNIV.EDU	1.0	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows